SPEAKING : Pregnancy

Pregnancy is the fertilization and development of one or more offspring, known as an embryo or fetus, in a woman's uterus. In a pregnancy, there can be multiple gestations, as in the case of twins or triplets. Childbirth usually occurs about 38 weeks after conception; in women who have a menstrual cycle length of four weeks, this is approximately 40 weeks from the start of the last normal menstrual period (LNMP). Human pregnancy is the most studied of all mammalian pregnancies.
The term embryo is used to describe the developing offspring during the first 8 weeks following conception, and subsequently the term fetus is used henceforth until birth. 40% of pregnancies in the United States and United Kingdom are unplanned.
In many societies’ medical or legal definitions, human pregnancy is somewhat arbitrarily divided into three trimester periods, as a means to simplify reference to the different stages of prenatal development. The first trimester carries the highest risk of miscarriage (natural death of embryo or fetus). During the second trimester, the development of the fetus can be more easily monitored and diagnosed. The beginning of the third trimester often approximates the point of viability, or the ability of the fetus to survive, with or without medical help, outside of the uterus.




A.    List of Vocabularies

o    Pregnancy : kehamilan
o    Fertilized : dibuahi
o    Childbirth : melahirkan
o    Embryo : janin
o    Prenatal : sebelum melahirkan
o    Fetus : janin
o    Diagnose : menentukan penyaki
o    Survive : menyelamatkan
o    Medical : pengobatan

B.    Answer the questions below!

1.    What is pregnancy according to the text above?
2.    How long the pregnancy until childbirth?
3.    What is the different between embryo and fetus?
4.    What is human pregnancy according to medical definition?
5.    Explain three period in pregnancy!

C.    Practice the dilaogue below!

Dialogue
PREGNANCY
Situation
Again the floor becomes very silent and serious. They have come to the subject of pregnancy.
Speaker : this morning another miracle of God will be discussed. Our subject is pregnancy
Margaretha : oh, dear…. My sister back home is now three months pregnant.
Speaker : development begins with the fertilized egg is still within the fallopian tube. Repeated implement divisions produces a solid ball of called a morula. Further mitosis and some migration of cells converts this into a hollow ball of cells called the blastocyst. About one week after fertilization… a process called implementation and pregnancy is established.
Hanum : sir, what does the blastocyst produce?
Speaker : the blastocyst produces two major divisions of cells. Three or four blastocyst cells develop into the inner cells mass which will in about two months become the fetus and ultimately the baby.
Michiko : that is truly a miracle!
(source: English for midwifery,2009)

D.    Special Expression

    That is truly a miracle
    That is really a mistery
    That’s really a sensation
    That is really a lie!
    That is really a manipulation
    That is really drama

E.    Asking question

Asking question for nurses and midwife is an important part to identify patient’s problem. In English, we have basically 4 types of question which are commonly used in speaking (1) Yes/No question, (2) Information question, (3) Choice question, and (4) Attached/negative question/Tag question. The following explanation below will address the four question :

(1) Yes/no question and short answer

Yes / No question	Short answer ( Long answer )
Do you know Ani ? Are you ready to an operation?	Yes, I do ( I know Ani ) No, I don’t ( I don’t know Ani ) Yes, I am	Yes or no question is question that can be answered yer or no.

 (2) Information question

A question that asks for information by using a question word: 5W & 1H
How
How have many uses.
(1) One use of how is to ask about means (ways)
- How pain is your stomach?
- How to measure Blood Pressure?
(2) How often: asks about frequency
- How often do you wake during your sleep?
- How many times a week do you check your pregnancy?
(3) How far: The most common way of expressing distance
- How far is your house to Dr. Soetomo Hospital?
(4) How long/ how many (time): asks for information about length of time
- How long will an caesarean operation are run?

Who, Whom, and What
(1) Who: is used as the subject(s) or question
- Who come? Someone come
(2) Who (m): is used as the object (O) in a question
- Whom did you see? I saw someone
(3) What: can be used as either: S and O
- What happened with your stomach?
- What do you think about midwifery profession?
(4) What kind of: asks for information about specific type
- What kind of medicine did you receive?
(5) Which: is used when the speaker wants some to make a choice, when
the speaker is offering alternatives
- Which one of leg is swollen?
(6) Where: asks for place
- Where are you going to see a doctor?
(7) When: asks for time
- When should Mrs. Ani get a laboratory test?
(8) Whose: asks about possession
- Whose book is this?

(3) Choice question

A question that can be used first by using to be (is, are, am, were, was) and
do, does, did, has, have, etc
- Is your pain in the left or right of your stomach?
- Are you hungry or suffering?

(4) Attached/negative questions/tag questions

The statement sentences which a speaker supposed to be or already known
the answer.
- You look very pale, don’t you?
- You are felling well after taking medicine, aren’t you?

Example of asking question
Asking question purpose to gather information needed in order to
explore and identify the relevance data.
For example:
1. Excuse me, can I ask you something?
2. What symptoms do you have?
3. Do you have pains here?
4. Are you covered by any health insurance?
5. Are you allergic to any antibiotics?

F.     Signs and symptons of pregnancy

Terminology	Meaning
Striae gravidarum	Appear to the breast, abdomen and thighs caused by stretching rupture
Morning sickness	Nausea or vomitting occurs usually in the morning
Quickening	Sensation of fetal
Hagar’s sign	Lower uterine segment sotens 6 to 8 weeks after the onset of LMP
Chadwick’s sign	Bluish or puplish discoloration of cervix and vaginal wall
Goodell’s sign	Softening of the servix may occur as early as 4 weeks
Braxton Hicks	Intermittent contraction of the uterus ( painless )
Ballottement	A sinking and rebounding of the fetus in its surrounding amniotic fluid
Leucorhea	Increase in vaginal dicharge
LMP	Last menstrual periode
Menarche	First of mense